Schools and authors affiliated with a particular school
- ʻIbādī. باضي
- Islamic legal schools Mixed. Comparative
- Islamic legal schools Other schools, A-Z
- Shīʻī schools. Shīʻah. شيعة
- Sunnī schools
Biography. Biographical dictionaries >
General (Collective and comparative) >
Schools and authors affiliated with a particular school >
Schools and authors affiliated with a particular school > ʻIbādī. اباضي
Schools and authors affiliated with a particular school > Islamic legal schools Mixed. Comparative
Schools and authors affiliated with a particular school > Islamic legal schools Other schools, A-Z
Schools and authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻī schools. Shīʻah. شيعة
Schools and authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools
Communal religious activities
General works
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Circumcision
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Fasting. Ṣawm. Seclusion. صوم
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Fasting. Ṣawm. Seclusion. صوم > General works
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Fasting. Ṣawm. Seclusion. صوم > Special topics, A-Z
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Fasting. Ṣawm. Seclusion. صوم > Special topics, A-Z > ʻĪd al-Fiṭr. Feast of breaking the Ramadan fast. عيد الفطر
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Fasting. Ṣawm. Seclusion. صوم > Special topics, A-Z > Ramadan fast
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Funeral rites >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > ʻIbādī. اباضي
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > ʻIbādī. اباضي > General (Collective)
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > ʻIbādī. اباضي > Individual authors, A-Z
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Mixed. Comparative >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Other schools, A-Z >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > General (Collective and comparative)
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Ismāʻīlī. إسماعيلي
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Jaʻfarīs. Ithnaʻasharis. جعفري. اثناء عشري
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Zaydī. Zaydīyah. زيدي. زيدية
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > General (Collective and comparative)
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ḥanafī. Ḥanafīyah. حنفي. حنفية
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ḥanbalī. Ḥanbalīyah. حنفي. حنفية
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Mālikī. Mālikīyah. مالكي. مالكية
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Shāfiʻī. Shāfiʻīyah. شافعي. شافعية
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ẓāhirī. Ẓāhirīyah. ظاهري. ظاهرية
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Unaffiliated authors > >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Unaffiliated authors > Early period (1st and 2nd cent. A.H.) >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Unaffiliated authors > Early period (1st and 2nd cent. A.H.) > General (Collective)
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Unaffiliated authors > Early period (1st and 2nd cent. A.H.) > Individual authors, A-Z
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Unaffiliated authors > Late period (ca. 1920-) >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Unaffiliated authors > Late period (ca. 1920-) > General (Collective)
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Unaffiliated authors > Late period (ca. 1920-) > Individual authors, A-Z
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Unaffiliated authors > Middle period (to ca. 1920) >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Unaffiliated authors > Middle period (to ca. 1920) > General (Collective)
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > General > Unaffiliated authors > Middle period (to ca. 1920) > Individual authors, A-Z
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Nīyah. Purity of intention. نية
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Abstinence (Mandatory) from alcohol
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Beards
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Blood as food or medicine
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Clothing and dress. Ḥijāb. حجاب
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Dietary laws
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Drinking
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Faith
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Insects
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Jewelry
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Penance
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Photography. Painting
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Sex. Sexual etiquette
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Travel
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Vows
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Wine
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Other subjects, A-Z > Writing
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Prayer >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Prayer > General works
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Prayer > Kinds of prayer, A-Z
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Prayer > Kinds of prayer, A-Z > Friday prayer
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Prayer > Kinds of prayer, A-Z > Group prayer. Public worship
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Prayer > Kinds of prayer, A-Z > Rain prayer
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Prayer > Kinds of prayer, A-Z > Traveler’s prayer
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Prayer > Special topics, A-Z >
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Prayer > Special topics, A-Z > Corruption of prayer
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Prayer > Special topics, A-Z > Mistakes in prayer
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Ablutions. Wuḍū’. وضوء
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Ablutions. Wuḍū’. وضوء > General works
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Ablutions. Wuḍū’. وضوء > Other special topics, A-Z
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Ablutions. Wuḍū’. وضوء > Other special topics, A-Z > Childbirth
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Ablutions. Wuḍū’. وضوء > Other special topics, A-Z > Menstruation
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Ablutions. Wuḍū’. وضوء > Other special topics, A-Z > Mosques
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Ablutions. Wuḍū’. وضوء > Other special topics, A-Z > Prayer (Ablutions (cleansing) before prayer)
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Ablutions. Wuḍū’. وضوء > Other special topics, A-Z > Public baths
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > General works
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Impurity
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Impurity > Acceptable impurity
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Impurity > General works
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Purification
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Purification > General works
ʻIbādāt. Ritual law. Worship. عبادات > Ritual purity. Ṭahārah. طهارة > Purification > Istinjāʼ. استنجاء
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > >
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General >
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > ʻIbādī. اباضي >
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > ʻIbādī. اباضي > General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > ʻIbādī. اباضي > Individual authors, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Mixed. Comparative
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Other schools, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > General (Collective and comparative)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Ismāʻīlī. إسماعيلي
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Ismāʻīlī. إسماعيلي General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Ismāʻīlī. إسماعيلي Individual authors, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Jaʻfarīs. Ithnaʻasharis. جعفري. اثناء عشري
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Jaʻfarīs. Ithnaʻasharis. جعفري. اثناء عشري General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Jaʻfarīs. Ithnaʻasharis. جعفري. اثناء عشري Individual authors, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Zaydī. Zaydīyah. زيدي. زيدية
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Zaydī. Zaydīyah. زيدي. زيدية General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Shīʻi ̄schools. Shīʻah. شيعة > Zaydī. Zaydīyah. زيدي. زيدية Individual authors, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > General (Collective and comparative)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ḥanafī. Ḥanafīyah. حنفي. حنفية
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ḥanafī. Ḥanafīyah. حنفي. حنفية General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ḥanafī. Ḥanafīyah. حنفي. حنفية Individual authors, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ḥanbalī. Ḥanbalīyah. حنفي. حنفية
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ḥanbalī. Ḥanbalīyah. حنفي. حنفية General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ḥanbalī. Ḥanbalīyah. حنفي. حنفية Individual authors, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Mālikī. Mālikīyah. مالكي. مالكية
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Mālikī. Mālikīyah. مالكي. مالكية General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Mālikī. Mālikīyah. مالكي. مالكية Individual authors, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Shāfiʻī. Shāfiʻīyah. شافعي. شافعية
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Shāfiʻī. Shāfiʻīyah. شافعي. شافعية General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ẓāhirī. Ẓāhirīyah. ظاهري. ظاهرية
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ẓāhirī. Ẓāhirīyah. ظاهري. ظاهرية General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Authors affiliated with a particular school > Sunnī schools > Ẓāhirī. Ẓāhirīyah. ظاهري. ظاهرية Individual authors, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Unaffiliated authors >
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Unaffiliated authors > Early period (1st and 2nd cent. A.H.)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Unaffiliated authors > Early period (1st and 2nd cent. A.H.) > General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Unaffiliated authors > Early period (1st and 2nd cent. A.H.) > Individual authors, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Unaffiliated authors > Late period (ca. 1920-)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Unaffiliated authors > Middle period (to ca. 1920)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Unaffiliated authors > Middle period (to ca. 1920) > General (Collective)
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > General > Unaffiliated authors > Middle period (to ca. 1920) > Individual authors, A-Z
Jihād. Inner conflict (Conflict of conscience). جهاد > Special topics, A-Z
Liturgical objects, memorials, etc. Minbars >
Liturgical objects, memorials, etc. Minbars > General works
Liturgical objects, memorials, etc. Minbars > Special objects, A-Z
Religious functionaries. Imams. Religious legal scholars. ʻUlamāʼ. علماء >
Sufism. Mysticism >
Sufism. Mysticism > Biography
Sufism. Mysticism > General works
Sufism. Mysticism > Sufi. Ṣūfị̄. صوفي
Symbols and symbolism >
The five duties of a Muslim. Pillars of Islam >
The five duties of a Muslim. Pillars of Islam > Fasting. Ṣawm. صوم
The five duties of a Muslim. Pillars of Islam > General works
The five duties of a Muslim. Pillars of Islam > Pilgrimage to Mecca. Ḥajj. حج
The five duties of a Muslim. Pillars of Islam > Prayer
The five duties of a Muslim. Pillars of Islam > Profession of faith
The five duties of a Muslim. Pillars of Islam > Zakat. Zakāh. Almsgiving. زكاة
Topics not otherwise provided for, A-Z >
Veneration. Relics, etc. >
Historiography > Biography of scholars and historians
Historiography > General works
History, development and application of Islamic law > Auxiliary sciences
History, development and application of Islamic law > Auxiliary sciences > Chronology
History, development and application of Islamic law > Auxiliary sciences > Genealogy
History, development and application of Islamic law > Auxiliary sciences > Legal archaeology. Symbolism in law
History, development and application of Islamic law > By period >
History, development and application of Islamic law > By period > Early period (from origins through 11th century)
History, development and application of Islamic law > By period > Late period (ca. 1920-)
History, development and application of Islamic law > By period > Middle period (to ca. 1920)
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country >
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country > Africa
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country > Asia
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country > Asia > General
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country > Asia > Middle East
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country > Countries, A-Z
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country > Europe
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country > Pacific Area
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country > The Americas >
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country > The Americas > Central and South America
History, development and application of Islamic law > By region or country > The Americas > North America
History, development and application of Islamic law > General works >
Aḥwāl shakhṣīyah. أحوال شخسية
Animal protection. Animal welfare. Animal rights
Birth control. Family planning
Civil service. Employees of communal agencies
Constitution of the state
Courts and procedure
Criminal law and procedure
Cultural affairs
Economic law
Environmental law
General concepts
General works. Treatises
Government and administration. Siyāsah. Administrative process. سياسة
Government measures in time of war, national emergency, or economic crisis
Intellectual and industrial property
Labor laws and legislation
Medical legislation
Military law
Muʻāmalāt. معاملات
Particular genres
Police and public safety
Professions. Intelligentsia
Public finance
Public health
Public law. The Islamic state
Public property. Government property
Social laws and legislation
Transportation and communication
Unfair competition
Veterinary medicine and hygiene. Veterinary public health
Domestic relations. Family law
General
Gifts. Charitable gifts. Ṣadaqah. Donations. Hibah. صداقة. هبة
Inheritance and succession. Mīrāth. Tawrīth. Farāʼiḍ. ميراث. توريث. فرائض
Persons. Ashkhāṣ. Afrād. أشخاص. أفراد
Waqf. Endowments. Charitable uses. Foundations. وقف
Conflict of laws. Tanāzuʻ al-qawānīn. تنازع القوانين > Choice of law
Conflict of laws. Tanāzuʻ al-qawānīn. تنازع القوانين > Choice of law > General works
Conflict of laws. Tanāzuʻ al-qawānīn. تنازع القوانين > Choice of law > Particular branches and subjects of the law, A-Z
Conflict of laws. Tanāzuʻ al-qawānīn. تنازع القوانين > General works
Conflict of laws. Tanāzuʻ al-qawānīn. تنازع القوانين > Public order
Biography of Muḥammad, Prophet, d. 632 > Biographers of Muḥammad (Collective)
Biography of Muḥammad, Prophet, d. 632 > By language
Biography of Muḥammad, Prophet, d. 632 > Historiography. History and criticism of biographies
Collective biographies > By region or country
Collective biographies > By region or country > Africa
Collective biographies > By region or country > Asia
Collective biographies > By region or country > Asia > General
Collective biographies > By region or country > Asia > Middle East
Collective biographies > By region or country > Countries, A-Z
Collective biographies > By region or country > Europe
Collective biographies > By region or country > General
Collective biographies > By region or country > Pacific Area
Collective biographies > By region or country > The Americas
Collective biographies > By region or country > The Americas > Central and South America
Collective biographies > By region or country > The Americas > North America
Collective biographies > General
Collective biographies > Martyrs
Collective biographies > Women
Bibliography of bibliography. Bibliographical concordances
Catalogs, inventories, and guides to manuscripts and early or rare book collections in public libraries or archives. By name of the library or archive
General bibliography
Indexes for periodical literature, society publications, collections, etc.
Personal bibliography.
Subject bibliography
Academies. Institutes
Annuals. Yearbooks
Bibliography
Biography
Conflict of laws. Tanāzuʻ al-qawānīn. تنازع القوانين
Congresses. Conferences
Directories
Encyclopedias. Dictionaries
Furūʻ al-fiqh. Substantive law. Branches of law. فروع الفقه
General works
Historiography
History, development and application of Islamic law
Influence of other legal systems on Islamic law
Islamic law and other disciplines or subjects
Law reform. Criticism. Tanẓīm. تنظيم
Legal education. Study and teaching
Legal research
Maxims. Quotations
Monographic series
Observances and practice of Islam
Periodicals
Religious education
Schools of thought. Islamic legal schools. Madhāhib. مذاهب